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Linux下如何管理 Mysql 數(shù)據(jù)庫?簡單管理Mysql
一 、創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫
1. 通過 CREATE DATABASE db_library; 創(chuàng)建名稱為 db_library 的數(shù)據(jù)庫。
2. 通過 CREATE SCHEMA db_library1; 創(chuàng)建名稱為 db_library1 的數(shù)據(jù)庫。
3. 通過 mysql> CREATE DATABASE db_library_gbk -> CHARACTER SET = GBK; 指定其字符集為 GBK。
4. 通過 CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS db_library2; 判斷該數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱是否存在,只有在不存在時(shí)才創(chuàng)建。
二、查看數(shù)據(jù)庫
1. 使用 SHOW DATABASES; 語句查看 Mysql 服務(wù)器中所有數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱。
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db_database13 |
| db_library |
| db_library1 |
| db_library2 |
| db_library_gbk |
| hotel |
| mybatis |
| mysql |
| mysqldb |
| performance_schema |
| se |
| spring |
| springapp |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
16 rows in set (0.01 sec)
三、選擇名稱為 db_library 的數(shù)據(jù)庫,設(shè)置其為當(dāng)前默認(rèn)的數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql> USE db_library;
Database changed
四、修改數(shù)據(jù)庫 db_library1,設(shè)置默認(rèn)字符集為 GBK 和校對規(guī)則為簡體中文
mysql> ALTER DATABASES db_library1
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk^C
mysql> ALTER DATABASE db_library1
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk
-> DEFAULT COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
五、刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql> DROP DATABASE db_library2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db_database13 |
| db_library |
| db_library1 |
| db_library_gbk |
| hotel |
| mybatis |
| mysql |
| mysqldb |
| performance_schema |
| se |
| spring |
| springapp |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
六、數(shù)據(jù)庫存儲(chǔ)引擎
存儲(chǔ)引擎其實(shí)就是存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),為存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)建立索引,以及更新、查詢數(shù)據(jù)等技術(shù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。因?yàn)樵陉P(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫中數(shù)據(jù)是以表的形式存儲(chǔ)的,所以存儲(chǔ)引擎也可以成為表類型。
1. 查詢支持的全部存儲(chǔ)引擎
mysql> SHOW ENGINES \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Engine: InnoDB
Support: DEFAULT
Comment: Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys
Transactions: YES
XA: YES
Savepoints: YES
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Engine: MRG_MYISAM
Support: YES
Comment: Collection of identical MyISAM tables
Transactions: NO
XA: NO
Savepoints: NO
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Engine: MEMORY
Support: YES
Comment: Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables
Transactions: NO
XA: NO
Savepoints: NO
*************************** 4. row ***************************
Engine: BLACKHOLE
Support: YES
Comment: /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears)
Transactions: NO
XA: NO
Savepoints: NO
*************************** 5. row ***************************
Engine: MyISAM
Support: YES
Comment: MyISAM storage engine
Transactions: NO
XA: NO
Savepoints: NO
*************************** 6. row ***************************
Engine: CSV
Support: YES
Comment: CSV storage engine
Transactions: NO
XA: NO
Savepoints: NO
*************************** 7. row ***************************
Engine: ARCHIVE
Support: YES
Comment: Archive storage engine
Transactions: NO
XA: NO
Savepoints: NO
*************************** 8. row ***************************
Engine: PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA
Support: YES
Comment: Performance Schema
Transactions: NO
XA: NO
Savepoints: NO
*************************** 9. row ***************************
Engine: FEDERATED
Support: NO
Comment: Federated MySQL storage engine
Transactions: NULL
XA: NULL
Savepoints: NULL
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2. 查詢默認(rèn)的存儲(chǔ)引擎,為 InnoDB。
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%storage_engine%';
+----------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------+--------+
| default_storage_engine | InnoDB |
| default_tmp_storage_engine | InnoDB |
| disabled_storage_engines | |
| internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine | InnoDB |
+----------------------------------+--------+
4 rows in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
3.InnoDB 存儲(chǔ)引擎
優(yōu)勢在于提供了良好的事務(wù)管理、崩潰修復(fù)能力和并發(fā)控制。缺點(diǎn)是其讀寫速率稍差,占用的數(shù)據(jù)空間比較大。
4.MylSAM 存儲(chǔ)引擎
優(yōu)勢在于占用空間小,處理速度快。缺點(diǎn)是不支持事務(wù)的完整性和并發(fā)性。
5.MEMORY 存儲(chǔ)引擎
大小受限,其存在于內(nèi)存中的特性使得這類表的處理速度非常快,但是其數(shù)據(jù)易丟失,聲明周期短。